Abstract
Background: Valvular heart disease remains a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries where rheumatic etiology predominates. This study aims to evaluate the morphological spectrum, surgical techniques, and postoperative outcomes of valvular heart disease in a tertiary-level hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to December 2025 in the Department of Surgery at the Cardiovascular Surgery Centre, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, including 45 patients with valvular heart disease selected by purposive and convenient sampling; diagnoses were confirmed by echocardiography and relevant investigations, surgeries comprised MVR, AVR, double valve, valve plus CABG, and complex procedures, outcomes included ICU stay, hospital stay, complications, and mortality, and data were analyzed in SPSS v25.0 with ethical approval and informed consent.
Results: In 45 patients (mean age 39.4 ± 15.4 years), the majority were aged 21–60 years (77.8%) and were female (55.6%). Mitral valve disease was the most common lesion (57.8%, n = 26). Mitral valve replacement (MVR) was the leading surgical procedure (40.0%, n = 18). Postoperatively, 62.2% (n = 28) of patients had an ICU stay of ≤3 days and 66.7% (n = 30) had a hospital stay of ≤10 days. Arrhythmia was the most frequent complication (22.2%, n = 10). The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.7% (n = 3). Pure valvular surgery accounted for the majority of cases (84.4%, n = 38).
Conclusion: Valvular heart disease predominantly affects younger to middle-aged patients with mitral involvement, and while isolated valve surgery remains the mainstay, combined procedures and acceptable postoperative outcomes highlight the need for comprehensive surgical care in tertiary centers.
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