Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major public health issue. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has been used to classify Heart Failure (HF) into phenotypes. Over the past few years, there has been more evidence that people with lower circulating magnesium concentrations have had more severe heart Failure. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and the severity of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, for 12 months following ethical approval. A total of 180 heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (<40%) were included after getting written informed consent, wherein 90 patients had Low magnesium levels (<1.8 mg/dl), and the remaining 90 patients had normal magnesium levels (>1.8 mg/dl). Data were collected in separate case record forms and analyzed by SPSS 26.0.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 63.16±12.57 years in low magnesium level and 63.67±12.96 years in normal magnesium. Among respondents with low magnesium levels, dyslipidemia was predominant (82.2%), followed by hypertension (56.7%) and diabetes mellitus (40%), with no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Severe left ventricular dysfunction was observed in 78.9% of low magnesium level respondents, significantly higher than in those with normal magnesium levels (56.7%). Serum magnesium levels showed a significant negative correlation with NT-proBNP levels (rs= -0.148, p=0.048), HFrEF levels (rs= 0.205, p=0.006), and 6MWT levels (rs= 0.329, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Low Serum Magnesium Level is associated with the severity of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, a further larger study is recommended.
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